Part I: Create and Modify a Jupyter Notebook

Begin by creating a new Jupyter Notebook in your forked repository (ea-bootcamp-practice-dry-code).

Rename the file to firstinitial-lastname-practice-dry-code.ipynb (e.g. jpalomino-practice-dry-code.ipynb).

Note that Git will recognize this new Jupyter Notebook as a new file that can be added, committed, and pushed back to your forked repository on Github.com.

Practice Documentation of Code and Functions

Start with Markdown cell containing a Markdown title for this assignment, plus an author name and date in list form. Bold the words for author and date, but do not bold your name and today’s date.

Add a Markdown cell before each code cell you create to describe the purpose of your code (e.g. what are you accomplishing by executing this code?).

Be sure to add documentation within your functions using Python comments to tell the user what the function is doing and and what inputs it can take.

Also, be sure to use clear function names that tell the user what the function does. If you find it useful, you can review the Earth Analytics Bootcamp reference page on PEP8 Style Guide.

Import Python Packages

In the questions below, you will be working with numpy arrays and pandas dataframes.

You will also be downloading files using urllib.request and accessing directories and files on your computer using os. Last, you will also be creating plots of your data.

Import all of the necessary Python packages to accomplish these tasks.

Get Data

Numpy Arrays

Use earthpy to download the following .csv files of monthly precipitation (inches) and import the data to numpy arrays:

1. monthly-precip-1988-to-1992.csv from https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/12807380

2. monthly-precip-1993-to-1997.csv from https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/12807383

Each dataset contains a row for each year specified in the dataset name and contains a column for each month (starting with January through December).

Pandas Dataframes

Use earhpy to download the following .csv files of monthly temperature (Fahrenheit) and import the data to pandas dataframes:

1. temp-1991-to-1995-months.csv from https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/12807389

2. temp-1996-to-2000-months.csv from https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/12807386

Each dataset contains a row for each year specified in the dataset name and a column for each month (starting with January through December).

Note: you are not required to write a loop to accomplish these tasks. You can follow the same process that you have before to download and import files.

Downloading from https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/12807380
Downloading from https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/12807383
Downloading from https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/12807389
Downloading from https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/12807386

array([[0.4 , 1.14, 2.53, 1.48, 3.7 , 0.7 , 0.71, 1.33, 2.02, 0.03, 0.75,
        2.16],
       [1.19, 1.27, 0.97, 1.95, 2.68, 2.93, 1.43, 1.63, 3.54, 1.4 , 0.09,
        1.54],
       [1.04, 1.32, 4.55, 2.16, 1.73, 0.39, 4.23, 1.13, 1.84, 0.96, 1.6 ,
        0.75],
       [1.05, 0.15, 0.43, 2.41, 2.9 , 3.59, 3.11, 2.08, 1.21, 0.93, 3.3 ,
        0.01],
       [0.67, 0.  , 5.17, 0.46, 1.7 , 0.96, 1.13, 3.08, 0.02, 0.79, 2.56,
        0.84]])

array([[0.25, 0.9 , 2.15, 2.56, 1.73, 3.38, 1.4 , 1.04, 3.32, 2.42, 2.17,
        0.55],
       [0.86, 1.37, 1.61, 3.46, 1.35, 0.93, 0.35, 2.56, 0.54, 1.02, 2.25,
        0.49],
       [0.64, 1.53, 1.21, 5.45, 9.59, 4.03, 0.72, 1.45, 2.96, 0.59, 1.51,
        0.25],
       [1.89, 0.29, 2.16, 1.49, 4.63, 2.77, 1.96, 0.63, 3.48, 0.28, 1.43,
        0.37],
       [0.87, 1.83, 0.91, 5.77, 2.19, 3.69, 1.14, 5.27, 1.92, 2.7 , 1.52,
        0.68]])

Question 1: Use Indexing to Select from Numpy Array

Select the second row of data (including all columns) from the numpy array containing the data for 1988 to 1992, and save to a new numpy array.

Note that using an index series (e.g. [row_index:row_index, column_index:column_index]) to select the rows and columns will result in a two-dimensional array.

Name your new array appropriately to indicate the year of data that it represents.

array([[1.19, 1.27, 0.97, 1.95, 2.68, 2.93, 1.43, 1.63, 3.54, 1.4 , 0.09,
        1.54]])

Question 2: Write a Conditional Statement to Check Dimensions of Numpy Array

Write a conditional statement that checks whether the numpy array created in the previous question (i.e. the selection) is a one-dimensional numpy array.

Print a message stating whether or not the array is one-dimensional.

Hints:

• It is easier to write this conditional statement using the attribute of numpy arrays that provides a single value for the dimension (i.e. .ndim), rather than the shape.
• Recall how to use the comparison operator to check for equality between values (==).

This is NOT a one-dimensional array.

Question 3: Expand Conditional Statement to Execute Different Code

Modify your conditional statement from the previous question, so that your if and else statements execute different code, not just printing messages.

For the if statement, rather than printing a message, print the shape of the numpy array from the previous question (i.e. the selection).

For the else statement, rather than printing a message, include the following code lines to be executed (i.e. if the array is not one-dimensional):

• arrayname_1d = arrayname.flatten()
• print(arrayname_1d.shape)

These code lines will flatten a numpy array (in this case named arrayname) to a one-dimensional array, save it to a new array called arrayname_1d, and print the shape of the new array.

Note the result of this conditional statement.

(12,)

Question 4: Write a Conditional Statement to Check Dimensions of Two Numpy Arrays

Manually create a one-dimensional numpy array that contains the month names (i.e. January to December).

Write a conditional statement to check that this new array for month names has the same shape as the numpy array from the previous question (i.e. the selection).

Print a message stating whether are not these arrays have the same shape and can be plotted together.

Hints:

• Review the Activity on Data Structures from Day 6 if you need to recall how to manually create a numpy array using np.array([]).
• Note that you are creating this new array using text strings, not numeric values.
• Recall how to use the comparison operator to check for equality between values (==).

These arrays have the same shape and can be plotted together.

Question 5: Practice Pseudo Coding

Reflect on your conditional statement from the previous question.

Write a sentence or two on how you could expand on your conditional statement from the previous question to create a plot from the two numpy arrays if they do indeed have the same shape.

Hint: what did you do in Question 3 to expand on your conditional statement?

Question 6: Loop on Pandas Dataframes

Write a loop to run the info() method on the two pandas dataframes that you imported in this activity, and print the results.

Hint:

• Recall that creating a list of items to iterate upon is a good first step to writing a loop.
• Think about what you are iterating upon in this question - do your list values need "" to indicate text strings, or are you iterating on existing variables?

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 5 entries, 0 to 4
Data columns (total 13 columns):
 #   Column     Non-Null Count  Dtype  
---  ------     --------------  -----  
 0   Year       5 non-null      int64  
 1   January    5 non-null      float64
 2   February   5 non-null      float64
 3   March      5 non-null      float64
 4   April      5 non-null      float64
 5   May        5 non-null      float64
 6   June       5 non-null      float64
 7   July       5 non-null      float64
 8   August     5 non-null      float64
 9   September  5 non-null      float64
 10  October    5 non-null      float64
 11  November   5 non-null      float64
 12  December   5 non-null      float64
dtypes: float64(12), int64(1)
memory usage: 648.0 bytes
None

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 5 entries, 0 to 4
Data columns (total 13 columns):
 #   Column     Non-Null Count  Dtype  
---  ------     --------------  -----  
 0   Year       5 non-null      int64  
 1   January    5 non-null      float64
 2   February   5 non-null      float64
 3   March      5 non-null      float64
 4   April      5 non-null      float64
 5   May        5 non-null      float64
 6   June       5 non-null      float64
 7   July       5 non-null      float64
 8   August     5 non-null      float64
 9   September  5 non-null      float64
 10  October    5 non-null      float64
 11  November   5 non-null      float64
 12  December   5 non-null      float64
dtypes: float64(12), int64(1)
memory usage: 648.0 bytes
None

Question 7: Loop on Columns in Pandas Dataframes

Write a loop to run the .describe() method on each column in the pandas dataframe containing the data for 1996 to 2000).

Hint:

• Recall that creating a list of items to iterate upon is a good first step to writing a loop.
• Think about what you are iterating upon in this question - do your list values need "" to indicate text strings, or are you iterating on existing variables?
• Recall that to select columns in pandas dataframes using implicit variables (i.e. not explicitly created by you), change the syntax from dataframe.column_name to dataframe[[column_name]].

         January
count   5.000000
mean   34.060000
std     3.298939
min    29.700000
25%    31.300000
50%    36.400000
75%    36.400000
max    36.500000

        February
count   5.000000
mean   38.000000
std     3.724916
min    32.800000
25%    36.400000
50%    37.700000
75%    41.000000
max    42.100000

           March
count   5.000000
mean   42.200000
std     3.760319
min    37.900000
25%    38.700000
50%    42.900000
75%    45.500000
max    46.000000

           April
count   5.000000
mean   47.080000
std     3.650616
min    42.800000
25%    44.500000
50%    46.500000
75%    50.400000
max    51.200000

           May
count   5.0000
mean   58.3400
std     1.9995
min    55.6000
25%    57.4000
50%    58.8000
75%    58.9000
max    61.0000

            June
count   5.000000
mean   65.540000
std     2.157081
min    62.100000
25%    64.800000
50%    66.500000
75%    66.900000
max    67.400000

            July
count   5.000000
mean   72.780000
std     1.391761
min    71.400000
25%    71.500000
50%    72.800000
75%    73.500000
max    74.700000

          August
count   5.000000
mean   70.240000
std     1.705286
min    68.700000
25%    69.300000
50%    69.500000
75%    70.700000
max    73.000000

       September
count   5.000000
mean   62.700000
std     3.258067
min    58.500000
25%    60.800000
50%    63.100000
75%    64.000000
max    67.100000

         October
count   5.000000
mean   51.540000
std     1.497665
min    49.600000
25%    50.400000
50%    51.900000
75%    52.700000
max    53.100000

        November
count   5.000000
mean   40.380000
std     6.285062
min    31.400000
25%    37.900000
50%    40.600000
75%    44.000000
max    48.000000

       December
count   5.00000
mean   34.14000
std     2.53239
min    31.20000
25%    32.20000
50%    33.90000
75%    36.50000
max    36.90000

Question 8: Write Function to Summarize Numpy Array Using Axes

Write a function that calculates the mean across columns of a numpy array.

Hints:

• Recall which existing numpy function you can use to calculate a mean. You will include this function within the function you write to answer this question.
• Review the lessons on functions to see the use of axes to calculate a statistic across the rows or columns of a numpy array.

Question 9: Execute Function and Save Output to New Numpy Array

Run the function created in the previous question (i.e. to calculate mean of columns in a numpy array) on the numpy array containing data for 1993 to 1997. Save the output to a new numpy array.

array([0.902, 1.184, 1.608, 3.746, 3.898, 2.96 , 1.114, 2.19 , 2.444,
       1.402, 1.776, 0.468])

Question 10: Practice Pseudo Coding

You have already learned how to save the output from one run of a function (see Question 9). What if you wanted to run the function on multiple numpy arrays?

Write a sentence or two on what you would need to know how to do, in order to save the output from a function that is running on multiple arrays in a loop.

Hint: think about how you can append values to a list using a loop (i.e. create an empty list that gets values appended to it in the loop).

Part 2: Submit Your Jupyter Notebook to GitHub

To submit your Jupyter Notebook for this activity, follow the Git/Github workflow from:

1. Guided Activity on Version Control with Git/GitHub to add, commit, and push your Jupyter Notebook for this activity to your forked repository (https://github.com/yourusername/ea-bootcamp-practice-dry-code).

2. Guided Activity to Submit Pull Request to submit a pull request of your Jupyter Notebook for this activity to the Earth Lab repository (https://github.com/earthlab-education/ea-bootcamp-practice-dry-code).